REFUERZO GRADO 1101

Direct and Reported Speech (El estilo directo y indirecto)

Cuando queremos comunicar o informar de lo que otra persona ha dicho, hay dos maneras de hacerlo: utilizando el estilo directo o el estilo indirecto.

Direct Speech (El estilo directo)

Cuando queremos informar exactamente lo que otra persona ha dicho, utilizamos el estilo directo. Con este estilo lo que la persona ha dicho se coloca entre comillas ("...") y deberá ser palabra por palabra.

• Ejemplos:
• Play
   "I am going to London next week," she said. ("Voy a Londres la semana que viene," ella dijo.)
• Play
  "Do you have a pen I could borrow," he asked. ("Tienes un bolígrafo que puedas prestarme," él preguntó.)
• Play
  Alice said, "I love to dance." (Alice dijo, "Me encanta bailar.")
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  Chris asked, "Would you like to have dinner with me tomorrow night?" (Chris preguntó, "Te gustaría cenar conmigo mañana por la noche?")

Reported Speech (El estilo indirecto)

El estilo indirecto, a diferencia del estilo directo, no utiliza las comillas y no necesita ser palabra por palabra. En general, cuando se usa el estilo indirecto, el tiempo verbal cambia. A continuación tienes un explicación de los cambios que sufren los tiempos verbales.

A veces se usa "that" en las frases afirmativas y negativas para introducir lo que ha dicho la otra persona. Por otro lado, en las frases interrogativas se puede usar "if" o "whether".

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
Present Simple	Past Simple
Play  "He's American," she said.	Play She said he was American.
Play  "I'm happy to see you," Mary said.	Play Mary said that she was happy to see me.
Play " He asked, "Are you busy tonight?"	Play He asked me if I was busy tonight.
Present Continuous	Past Continuous
Play  "Dan is living in San Francisco," she said.	Play She saidDan was living in San Francisco.
Play " He said, "I'm making dinner."	Play He told me that he was making dinner.
Play  "Why are you working so hard?" they asked.	Play They asked me why I was working so hard.
Past Simple	Past Perfect Simple
Play  "We went to the movies last night," he said.	Play He told me they had gone to the movies last night.
Play " Greg said, "I didn't go to work yesterday."	Play Greg said that he hadn't gone to work yesterday.
Play  "Did you buy a new car?" she asked.	Play She asked me if I had bought a new car.
Past Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous
Play  "I was working late last night," Vicki said.	Play Vicki told me she'd been working last night.
Play " They said, "we weren't waiting long."	Play They said that they hadn't been waitinglong.
Play " He asked, "were you sleeping when I called?"	Play He asked if I'd been sleeping when he called.
Present Perfect Simple	Past Perfect Simple
Play " Heather said, "I've already eaten."	Play Heather told me that she'd already eaten.
Play  "We haven't been to China," they said.	Play They said they hadn't been to China.
Play  "Have you worked here before?" I asked.	Play I asked her whether she'd worked there before.
Present Perfect Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous
Play  "I've been studying English for two years,"he said.	Play He said he'd been studying English for two years.
Play " Steve said, "we've been dating for over a year now."	Play Steve told me that they'd been dating for over a year.
Play  "Have you been waiting long?" they asked.	Play They asked whether I'd been waiting long.
Past Perfect Simple	Past Perfect Simple (*NO CHANGE)
Play  "I'd been to Chicago before for work," he said.	Play He said that he'd been to Chicago before for work.
Past Perfect Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous (*NO CHANGE)
Play " She said, "I'd been dancing for years before the accident."	Play She said she'd been dancing for years before the accident.